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Гипермаркет знаний>>Английский язык>>Английский язык 8 класс>> How long have you been learning English? Grammar Present Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive Tense — настоящее совершенное длящееся время
Глаголы в форме Present Perfect Progressive употребляются для выражения длящегося действия, которое началось в прошлом, все еще продолжается в настоящее время и определенным образом подводит итог продолжительности этого действия. Например:
I have been reading this book for a week. — Я читаю эту книгу уже неделю.
Образование
Present Perfect Progressive образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Present Perfect и причастия I.
have (has) been + глагол + -ing
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1. Утвердительное предложение
Jeff and Emily hare been playing tennis for two hours. — Джеф и Эмили играют в теннис в течение двух часов.
2. Отрицательное предложение
Jeff and Emily haven't been playing golf for three hours.
3. Общий вопрос
Has Jeff been playing tennis for two hours? — Yes, he has.
4. Альтернативный вопрос
Has Emily been playing tennis for two or for three hours? — Emily hasbeen playing tennis for two hours.
5. Вопрос к подлежащему
Who has been playing tennis for two hours? — Jeff and Emily have.
6. Специальный вопрос
How long have Jeff and Emily been playingtennis? — Theyhave been playing tennis for two hours.
7. Разделительный вопрос
Jeff and Emily have been playing tennis for four hours, haven't they? — Yes, they have.
Случаи употребления
Если в предложении глагол стоит в форме Present Perfect Progressive, то. как правило, указывается период времени, в течение которого происходит действие. Период времени может быть выражен:
а) обстоятельствами времени типа:all ту life, all these years, lately (в последнее время).
I have been working longer hours lately. - В последнее время я остаюсь на работе дольше.
в) обстоятельствами времени, вводимыми предлогом for (в течение): for a week (в течение недели), for five years (в течение пяти лет),/ог а long time (в течение длительного времени) и т. д.
Lena and Sveta have already been talking on the phone for half an hour. - Лена и Света разговаривают по телефону уже полчаса.
с) обстоятельствами времени, вводимыми словом since. Since, в зависимости от контекста, переводится по-разному: с, с тех пор, с тех пор как.
She has been dreaming about a dog since she was a child. - Она мечтает о собаке с детства.
Jane gave те this cassette on Monday. I have been listening to it since then. - Джейн дала мне кассету в понедельник. С тех пор я ее слушаю. She has been sleeping since she got back from her trip. - Она спит с тех пор, как вернулась из поездки.
Таким образом, слово since используется для обозначения момента начала действия.
Present Perfect Progressive не употребляется:
1) с глаголами, обозначающими состояние.
to love - любить to believe - верить
to remember — помнить to want - хотеть
to understand — понимать to know — знать
to see - видеть to forget - забыть
to hear - слышать to need - нуждаться
to hate — ненавидеть to be — быть
to like - нравиться to have - иметь
Вместо Present Perfect Progressive эти глаголы употребляются в Present Perfect. Например:
I have known my best friend since we were children. — Я знаю своего лучшего друга с тех пор, как мы были детьми.
2) если имеется полное отрицание действия. Например:
1 haven't played the guitar since I broke my arm. — Я не играю на гитаре с тех пор, как сломал руку.
1 Open the brackets. Use Present Perfect Progressive.
1. My friend (work) on the project for two weeks.
2. Kate (look for) her bag for ten minutes.
3. You (sleep) all day again?
4. Why you (listen) to this song since yesterday?
5. How long (learn) English?
2 Read the sentences and say, в каких предложениях говорится:
а) Когда началось действие?
b) Как долго оно продолжалось?
1. You have known your friend since you were five years old, haven't you?
2. You have been reading a very interesting book for three days, haven't you?
3. You have been working on a special project for a week, haven't you?
4. You have been dreaming about having a dog since you were a child, haven't you?
5. It has been raining since Monday, hasn't it!
 Give true answers.
3 Fill in the gaps with for or since.
1. It has been raining ... yesterday.
2. Mary hasn't had any guests ... last year.
3. Tom's father has been building his house ... two years.
4. My friends have been living in London ... many years.
5. Alice has wanted a bicycle ... her last birthday.
6. Peter and Kate have known each other ... ten years.
7. I haven't gone out ... three days. I have been ill ... Saturday.
Why didn't we use Present Perfect Progressive in some of the sentences?
4 Answer the questions about yourself. Use for or since.
1. How long have you been at school today?
2. How long have you known your best friend?
3. How long have you lived in your town / city / village?
4. How long have you been learning English?
5. How long have you known your English teacher?
5 Which of the sentences best describes the picture?
a) It has been raining for two days
b) It rained yesterday.
a) We have known each other since we were children.
b) We knew each other when we were children.
a) She has been sleeping since she came back from her trip.
b) She came back from her trip, got some sleep and unpacked her things.
a) Mary has been reading an exciting book all day.
b) Mary has read a very interesting book.
6 Rewrite the sentences.
Model: My father began to watch TV two hours ago. He is still watching it.— My father has been watching TV for two hours.
1. Ann began to write a letter at five o'clock. She is still writing it.
2. They began to talk in the morning. They are still talking.
3. It began to rain an hour ago. It is still raining.
4. She began to cook dinner when we came. She is still cooking.
5. He began to make a fire 20 minutes ago. He is still making it.
6. 1 began to take pictures two hours ago. I am still taking them.
7 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive. Explain your choice.
1. She (teach) children all her life.
2. Agnes (not eat) since Monday. She is on a diet.
3. How long he (look) for a job?
4. I heard a very funny song when I was ten. I (remember) that song since then.
5. It (rain) since 10 o'clock.
6. They already (wait) for his call for 15 minutes.
7. She (learn) French since she came back from her trip.
8 Play a game. How long have you...? Use the cards from the Cut Out.
Если играет более одиннадцати человек, разбейтесь на группы. Каждый из игроков получает по одной карточке с вопросом.
Для того чтобы получить ответ на вопрос карточки, необходимо поговорить с каждым из участвующих в игре. Закончив сбор информации, играющим необходимо записать полученные данные и сообщить о них классу.
Model: Player 1: How long have you had this watch?
Player 2: For ten days. It's new.
9 Listen to the interview and answer the questions.
1. What is the man's name? 4. Where does he work?
2. Where does he live? 5. Is he married?
3. What does he do?
Homework
A How interesting is your life? Answer the questions about the last few months of your life and find it out.
1. Have you been doing any sports?
2. Have you been sleeping a lot?
3. Have you been going out with your friends?
4. Have you been helping your parents with the housework?
5. Have you been watching TV a lot?
6. Have you been studying a lot?
7. Have you been reading anything?
Your results
 Unfortunately, your life isn't very exciting at the moment.Is that because it's autumn?
You must have more fun. Spend more time with your friends, find a hobby, get a dog and get out of the house more!
 You're happy with your life. You have your own hobbies and interests and you don't want to change anything. But aren't things a bit boring sometimes?
 You're there when things happen. Or should we say things happen when you're there? You're the centre of attention, but lately you have been doing too much. Remember, you can't be in two places at once. Don't forget it.
В Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1 How many exercises you (do) since you started your homework?
2 Mrs Izard (write) this book since her husband died.
3 You (know) this man? How long you (know) him?
4 We already (talk) about it for a week. It's time to do something!
5 They (talk) for two hours and (not finish) yet.
6 Mr Dix is busy. How long he (be) busy?
7 Caroline (think) about Mark since he left.
8 How long you (have) this hat? I (have) it for years.
9 I (not see) your dog lately. What (happen)?
С Translate the sentences into English.
1. Мы находимся в этом магазине уже 20 минут, а еще ничего не купили.
2. "Что он делает?" — "Он играет в теннис".— "Как давно он играет?" — "Два часа".
3. Они путешествуют уже две недели и уже позвонили два раза.
4. "Где Молли?" — "Она болеет".— "Как давно она болеет?" — "С четверга".
5. Они уже обсудили первый вопрос и сейчас обсуждают второй. Они обсуждают его уже час.
К. И. Кауфман, М. Ю. Кауфман Английский язык: Счастливый английский.ру / Happy English.ru: Учебник англ. яз. для 8 кл. общеобраз. учрежд.— Обнинск: Титул, 2008.— 288 с: ил.
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