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                                                                            1 d  Literature

1 Oscar Wilde wrote some fairy tales with morals. Look at the title of the extract on the right along with the picture. What could the moral be in this fairy tale? Read the biography and check.



Oscar Wilde
(1854-1900)

was born in Dublin, Ireland. He was a playwright, essay and short story writer, poet and novelist, known for his clever wit and charming personality. His popular works include the plays The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) and An Ideal Husband (1895) and his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), Wilde also wrote fairy tales for adults, some of which included a moral. Among them is The Devoted Friend (1888), a story about friendship and generosity, betrayal and hypocrisy. A linnet1 (a small songbird) and a water-rat are two of the characters that tell the tale.

¹ linnet - Romo (in Russian)

2 Read the first paragraph of the extract. Do you think the Miller was really a devoted friend? Read to find out.

3 RNE Read the extract again and match the sentences (A-H) to the gaps (1-7). There is one extra sentence you do not need to use.

A That at least is my idea about friendship, and I am sure I am right.

B I certainly will not allow Hans' nature to be spoiled.



 Little Hans had a great many friends, but the most devoted friend of all was hig Hugh the Miller. Indeed, so devoted was the rich miller to little Hans, that he would never go by his garden without leaning over the veil and plucking a large bunch of flowers, or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with plums and cherries if it was the fruit season.

"Real friends should have everything in common," the Miller used to say, and little Hans nodded and smiled, and felt very proud of having a friend with such noble ideas.

Sometimes, indeed, the neighbours thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave little Hans anything in return, though he had a hundred sacks of flour stored away in his mill, and six cows, and a large flock of woolly sheep but Hans never troubled his head about these things, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things the Miller used to say about the unselfishness of true friendship.

C You seem not to learn anything.
D However, he was so young that you must excuse him.
E In the winter, also, he was extremely lonely, as the Miller never came to see him then.
F Hans was always showing generosity towards others.
G Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they should not be confused.
H It is quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.

4 Listen and read again. Match the words in bold in the text to their meaning.

•    embarrassed • continues • picking • troubled • jealous
•    bright red • better • ruin • sleepy • back • seriously
•    morally good • dedicated • lures • by instalments

So little Hans worked away in his garden.

During the spring, the suirmer, and the autumn he was very happy, but when the winter came, and he had no fruit or fiowers to bring to the market, he suffered a good deal frcm cold and hunger, and often had to go to bed without any supper but a few dried pears or same hard ruts. I 1 I    I

"There is no good in my going to see little Hans as long as the snow lasts," the Miller used to say to his wife, "for when people are in trouble they should be left alone, and not be bothered ky visiters. | 2 |  | So I shait till the spring cames, and then I shall pay him a visit, and he will be able to give me a large basket of primroses1 and that will mate him so happy."

"You are certainly very thoughtful about  others," answered the Wife, as she sat in her canfortable armchair by the big pinewood fire, "very thcugfrtful indeed.I3I  I"
"I am sure the clergyman himself could not say such beautiful things as you do, though he does live in a three-storied house, and rears a gold ring en his little finger."
But could vra not ask little Hans up here?" said 1dne Millar's youngest sen. "If poor Hans is in trouble, I will give him half my porridge, and show him my white rabbits."

5  Read the theory box. Find examples of verbal irony in the extract.

Verbal irony

Verbal irony is a device authors use to illustrate their characters more strongly and help the reader understand them better. Irony is when a person says something that is the opposite of what is true.
 
'6 Which of the characters, Hans, Hugh, the Miller's youngest son is: lonely, compassionate, kind-hearted, selfish, polite, well- mannered, vain? Give reasons.

7 Complete the gaps with the words below. Use a dictionary to find other words that they are used with.



1 a ........... of potatoes 2 a ..........of sweets 3 a .........of china plates 4 a    ....... of dogs 5 a.....    of
sheep 6 a ........    of thieves 7 a ......... of cows 8 a    ......... of bees 9 a ........ of flowers

8 a  Find the statements that are made in the text about friendship (e.g. line 7). Do you agree? Discuss in groups.

b THINK!  "Good friends are like stars ... You don't always see them, but you know they are always there." In three minutes write a few sentences on the topic.
 
9 a Portfolio: In the next section of the story, the winter is over and the Miller goes to visit Hans. Write the dialogue between these two characters. Read out your dialogue to the class.

b  Listen to the actual dialogue. How does it compare to yours?  
 
 THINK! 'Read the joke. Why does the other speaker call him 'stranger'?

Английский язык. 11 класс : учеб. для общеобразоват. учреждений / [О.В. Афанасьева, Дж.Дули, И.В. Михеева и др.]. - 2-е изд., доп. и перераб. - М.: Express Publishing : Просвещение, 2009. - 244 с. : ил. - (Английский в фокусе).

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